Morphological and functional changes in the nervous tissue of the cerebral cortex in forced anaerobic exercise and after acupuncture injection of allogeneic biomaterial (experimental study)

Abstract

Introduction. Forced physical activity often disrupts the interactions between the cerebral cortex and internal organs. Allogeneic biomaterial (BMA) is used as a regeneration stimulator when applied topically. The mechanism of pharmacopuncture correction of pathological changes in the neocortex with BMA is not well understood. Aim. To study the structure of nervous tissue in the cerebral cortex after acupuncture of biologically active points and pharmacopuncture administration of BMA. Methods. Anaerobic physical activity was modeled by forced swimming of male rats with a load of 10% of body weight. After the swimming test, in the experimental group (n=20), a BMA suspension was administered by acupuncture. In the control group (n=20), saline was administered. Five and 21 days following the forced anaerobic exercise, tissue was sampled, and morpho-functional studies were performed. Results. In the control group, reactive gliosis, edema of the neuropil, perinuclear and perivascular spaces, reduction of the synaptic apparatus, increased chromatolysis of neurocytes, and a decrease in the apoptosis inhibitor Bcl-2+ in cells were found. In the experimental group, there were signs of restoration of the architectonics of the layers of neocortical nerve cells, an increase in the number of synapses, microglial cells (CD-68+), cell Bcl-2+, a decrease in the number of shadow cells and cell GFAP+, and restoration of the neurovascular unit that ensures the blood-brain barrier functioning. Conclusion. In the brain of control rats, irreversible destructive changes prevailed. Acupuncture of BMA stimulated neuroprotection.